- Code
- ISC 213
- Name
- Introduction to Religious Philosophy
- Semester
- 3
- Lecture hours
- 4.00
- Seminar hours
- 0.00
- Laborator hours
- 0.00
- Credits
- 4.00
- ECTS
- 5.00
- Description
-
The curricula of “Introduction to Philosophy”, contains the basic fundamental knowledge, philosophical streams and main philosophers. First we will be acquainted with the fundamental terms of philosophy and schools of philosophy. Also we will learn the flow of philosophy up to our days and philosophers thoughts, and through the exercises the students will create a philosophical, logical and scientific understanding that in the future may give a solution to the daily problems of life.
- Objectives
-
This course aims at explaining the basic terms of philosophy and its principles in the form of introduction to equip the student with philosophical thought.
- Java
- Tema
- 1
- What is philosophy, philosophical astonishment and why we do need philosophy What is philosophy? Have you read any philosophical books? Do you know any philosophers? Do you have positive or negative impressions of philosophy? What do you think philosophy is for? The history of the term and philosophical astonishment. Etymological meaning and features of knowledge. What is the role of philosophy, what does it deal with? What are the existential questions of man and the role of philosophy? The purpose of philosophy? Philosophy and religion. Charges against philosophy, truth or fiction? ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 276-320
- 2
- Pre-Socratic philosophy COSMOLOGICAL PERIOD Why do we learn ancient Greek philosophy? From Mitos to Logos. Stages of Ancient Greek Philosophy. Earlyness of philosophical thought; socio-class and cultural features of Greek antiquity; the foundation of classical philosophy. Parasocratics or Parasocratic Philosophy Miletus School; Eleate School; Ionian School Philosophers: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Xenophon, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Protagoras, Prodicus, Antiphon, Gorgias, Leucippus and Democritus***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 6-27
- 3
- The Sophists and Socrates COSMOLOGICAL PERIOD Why do we learn ancient Greek philosophy? From Mitos to Logos. Stages of Ancient Greek Philosophy. Earlyness of philosophical thought; socio-class and cultural features of Greek antiquity; the foundation of classical philosophy. Parasocratics or Parasocratic Philosophy Miletus School; Eleate School; Ionian School ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERIOD Sophists: Protagoras, Gorgias. "Man - the measure of all things" Sophism as a term. This movement influenced all Greek philosophers. Because of their ability to present as true every issue that interested them the sophist name took on a negative connotation. Socrates (470 - 399 P.E.S.) "I know one thing, I know nothing" 1 Biography; 2 The poisoning and death of Socrates; 3 Socratic method and irony ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 28-44
- 4
- Plato and Aristotle SYSTEMATIC PERIOD PLATO'S PHILOSOPHY 1 Biography; 2 Works - Dialogues; 3 Thoughts: Who are the true philosophers? ; The purpose of the philosopher; Myth of the Cave; Theory of Ideas; Theory of Cognition-Reminiscence; Spirit; Philosophy And Politics. Decade of Police THE PHILOSOPHY OF ARISTOTLE 1 Biography; 2 Acts; 3 Thoughts: Critique of Plato's Theory of Ideas; Matter- Form Problem, Causes of Movement; Formal Logic - Organize; Morality and Politics ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 45-98
- 5
- Hellen-roman philosophy and neo-platonism Some Philosophical Terms (Theism, Deism, Pantheism, Gnosticism, Atheism) What is Hellenistic philosophy ?; Characteristics of Hellenistic philosophy; Independence of Sciences; New Features For Philosophy Ethical period: 1. Young Philosophers: Zeno, Kleanthi, Crisipi; Origin of the term "Stoa"; Chronological Overview of the Development of Stoicism; The Place of Man: Psychology And Morality 2. The School of the Cynics: The Antisthenes — A New Direction Within Stoicism 3. Epicureanism; Epicurean and Epicurean doctrine; Epicurean Morality As The Search for Pleasure Religious period: Plotinus and Neoplatonism ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 101-123
- 6
- Scholastic thought and Thomas Aquinas The main features of medieval philosophy; Reason and belief; Saint Augustine (354-430): theology and reason why evil exists, "credo ut intelligam" (I believe I understand), the City of God and the earthly city. What was the state of medieval philosophy? Arabic Philosophy: Avicenna, Averroes; The Influence of Arab Philosophy on the Revival of European Thought; The explosion of philosophy in the twentieth century. XII; Abelardi; Abelardi and the nominalists The pinnacle of medieval philosophy - Thomas Aquinas: reason and belief; Thoma aquinas vs Averroes; Arguments for the existence of God; man What is Scholasticism? Medieval philosophy after Aquinas ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 124-189
- 7
- Enlightenment and philosophical corrents. What is the European renaissance. The origin of the term 1. What is the European renaissance. The origin of the term; 2. rediscovery of human dignity; 3. from the closed world to the infinite universe; 4. features of the European renaissance Montenji: a skeptical renaissance 1. the philosophy of montage; 1.1 formation; 1.2 where does mountenj skepticism consist ?; 1.3 subjectivity and self; 2. moral and political views Campanella: Platonism and its utopianism 1. historical-social reality where he created the campaign; 2. tomazo kampanela (1568 - 1639) - a life dedicated to knowledge; 3.1 "first security - I exist"; 3.2 Platonic ideas and utopian society The historical-social conditions that prepared the emergence of rationalism and empiricism 1. the scientific revolution and its impact; 2. science and metaphysics Francis Bacon: A New Understanding for the Experimental Sciences 1. Francis blesses, life and formation (1561 - 1626); 2. science in the service of man; 3. theory of idols; 4. inductive method ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 191-220
- 8
- Midterm Exam
- 9
- 17th century philosophy and Descartes Rene Descartes: Rationalism and Method 1. Descartes (1596 - 1650) - life and formation; 2. Research of a scientific method; 2.1 The essence of the method; 2.2 Mathematical methods; 2.3 The role and meaning of methodical doubt; 3. Descartes' dualist system; 4. morals Hobbes: Social Contract and Leviathan 1. Hobbes (1588 - 1679) - life and formation; 2. Anthropology as the foundation of political philosophy; 3. The natural state: "the war of all against all" ?; 4. Natural law and freedom; 5. Formation of the state; 5.1 Metaphor: Leviathan is like a body Spinoza: the ethical project and the spirit of tolerance 1. Spinoza (1632 - 1677) - life and formation; 2. Spinoza's ethical project; 2.1 Man is not "an empire in an empire"; 2.2 Man, a desire being; 2.3 Happy passions and sad passions; 3. Politics and tolerance ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 222-248
- 10
- British Empiricism John Locke: Empiricism and the Liberal Understanding of Politics 1. John Locke (1632 - 1704) - life and formation; 2. Empirical philosophy of cognition; 2.1 First qualities and second qualities; 2.2 The lock between skepticism and dogmatism; 3. Liberal understanding of politics; 4. Religious tolerance David Hume: theory of cognition, critique of religion, morality, politics 1. David Hume (1711 - 1776) - life and works; 2. Empiricism; 2.1 Perceptions, impressions, ideas; 2.2 Criticism of causality; 2.3 Hume's Skepticism; 2.4 Critique of metaphysics; 3. Morality ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 249-275
- 11
- Immanuel Kant and german idealism Jean Jack Rousseau: Social contract, human freedom, education 1. Rousseau (1712 - 1778) - life and works; 2. On the natural state and the social condition; 3. Pessimistic vision of progress; 4. Social contract; 5. Education Kant: Critical philosophy, religion, law 1. Imanuel Kant (1724 - 1804); 2. Philosophy according to Kant; 2.1 The problem of recognition; 2.2 The Copernican Revolution; 2.3 Matter and form of recognition; 2.4 Sensitivity and thinking; 2.5 Limits of recognition; 3. Metaphysics; 3.1 Practices of practical reason; 3.2 Categorical imperatives; 3.3 What is man? ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 276-320
- 12
- F. Hegel, A. Comte and K. Marx Hegel: His absolute idealist system 1. Hegel (1770 -1831) - Life and works; 2. The spirit of the system; 3. Reality and rationality; 4. The truth of everything: the result of a revelation; 5. History as a progressive walk of the soul; 6. Dialectics; 7. Passion, maneuvers of reason; 8. Feja Ogyst Konti (1798 - 1857). 1 Law of three states; 1.1 Positive spirit; 2 Sociology, the queen of sciences; 3 The religion of mankind The revolutionary philosophy and materialist theory of Marx 1. Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) - Life; 2. Dialectical materialism; 3. Historical materialism and class struggle; 4. Critique of the capitalist mode of production: alienated labor ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 321-334; 361-370; 377-389
- 13
- Nietzsche and Kierkegaard Kierkegaard - The Individual and Existence 1. Kirkegard (1813 -1855) - Life and works; 2. Subjectivity is the truth; 3. The three stages of life; 4. Irreducible belief in reason. Faith and passion Frederick Nietzsche: philosophy with a hammer 1. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) -Life; 2. Genealogy of morality and re-evaluation of values; 3. Critique of metaphysics; 4. The genealogy of the desire for truth; 5. Life more than the truth; 6. Will to power ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 372-376; 390-401
- 14
- H. Bergson, M. Heidegger and L. Wittgenstein Henry Bergson: Philosophy of Intuition 1. Henry Bergson (1859 - 1941) - Life; 2. Man- a homo faber; 3. Language, covers the real; 4. Intutia as an immediate capture of living; 5. Time and real time; 6. Memory; 7. Vital momentum and freedom Haidegeri 1. Martin Haideger (1889 - 1976) - Life; 2. The question of being; 3. Dazain (dasein) being-there of being; 4. Death, the last chance of "dasein"; 5. Authentic existence and non-authentic existence Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophy of Language 1. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 - 1951) - Life; 2. Language and the world of works Logical-Philosophical Treaty; 3. The difference between the verbal and the indescribable; 4. Language game ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 417-423; 461-464 ; 443-448
- 15
- Philosophy today Sartre: Existence Precedes Essence 1. Jean Paul Sartri (1905 - 1980) - Life; 2. Existence precedes the essence; 3. Coincidence and responsibility; 4. Neveria; 5. Freedom in situations; 6. The other, a necessary threat; 7. Atheist existentialism Contemporary Directions of Philosophy 1. Psychoanalytic direction - Sigmund Freud; 1.1 The Freudian unconscious, philosophy, science; 1.2 Philosophers and Freud; 2. Structuralism; 3. Hermenautics ***Samuel Enoch Stumpf, Philosophy: A Historical Survey with Essential Readings, NINTH EDITION, Published by McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2015. fq. 468-490.
- 16
- Final Exam
- 1
- The student will be provided with general knowledge about philosophy, philosophers and philosophical currents.
- 2
- The student will develop his skills in philosophical thinking.
- Quantity Percentage Total percent
- Midterms
- 1 40% 40%
- Quizzes
- 0 0% 0%
- Projects
- 0 0% 0%
- Term projects
- 0 0% 0%
- Laboratories
- 0 0% 0%
- Class participation
- 0 0% 0%
- Total term evaluation percent
- 40%
- Final exam percent
- 60%
- Total percent
- 100%
- Quantity Duration (hours) Total (hours)
- Course duration (including exam weeks)
- 16 4 64
- Off class study hours
- 14 4 56
- Duties
- 0 0 0
- Midterms
- 1 1 1
- Final exam
- 1 2 2
- Other
- 0 0 0
- Total workLoad
- 123
- Total workload / 25 (hours)
- 4.92
- ECTS
- 5.00