- Code
- ISC 203
- Name
- History and Methodology of Hadith
- Semester
- 3
- Lecture hours
- 4.00
- Seminar hours
- 0.00
- Laborator hours
- 0.00
- Credits
- 4.00
- ECTS
- 5.00
- Description
-
The sciences of hadith are part of the complementary and auxiliary sciences. The study of the science of hadith enables one to preserve the sunnah and to learn the methods that explain the rules and criteria of narration. Scholars have attached great importance to the methodology of hadith and have given their contribution by writing various works on the disciplines that study hadith.
- Objectives
-
To learn the principles of Usul al-Hadith
- Java
- Tema
- 1
- Introduction to Hadith Science and Basic Concepts: History and Key Terminology Introducing the definition of the main terms: hadith, usul, sunnah, athar, khabar. The study of a field is carried out adhering to these basics, principles and techniques that serve to inform about the study of that particular area. The science of Usuli Hadith deals with the techniques and methods that serve in the study of the field of hadith and is also known as مصطلاح الحديث. Scholars have developed this science through tracing and study, based on the practices of those who founded it. The study includes: Types of different disciplines related to hadith, types of verses, evaluations of the text, modes of transmission, etc. Çakan, Hadis Usulü, 2009, Istanbul 2009, 15. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, Tirana, 2017, 28.
- 2
- The importance of hadith, the relationship of hadith science with other Islamic sciences, the different disciplines The science of hadith is divided into: Rivayatu'l-Hadith and Dirayatu'l-Hadith. Rivayatu'l-Hadith deals with the study and teaching of a complete hadith, starting from its sanad until the text (content) ends. The books of hadith in this category are examples such as: Sahihayn, Sunan, Musnad, Mu’jam, Juz of hadith, etc. Dirayatu'l-Hadith is the science that deals with the conditions of the transmission of hadiths, with the types of narrations as well as with their ahkam (issuance of legal-religious decisions). It also studies the life of the rawi, the conditions for being a rawi (narrator), the life (biography) and personality characteristics of the rawi, the methods of extracting hukm from a hadith, the methods and techniques that serve in classifying the sanad and the text. , types and divisions of hadith according to categories (sahih, hasan, daif, marfu, mawquf, maqtu, ali, nazil, etc.), methods of teaching and transmitting hadiths (ahdh and tahammul), analysis of rawi within the hadith of hadith, the relationship between rawi (transmitting) and marwi (one who receives narration) relating to the categorization of 'rad' and 'qabul' . Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 41.
- 3
- Development of hadith according to periods: Sahaba, Tabi'i, Tabi'i-Tabi'i generations Introducing the history of hadith and its development in the generations of the Companions, the Tabi'een and their followers, the origin of teaching the hadith, the history of hadith, before the period of tadwin came, was best known in the first two centuries of its development. Issues such as the insufficient development of the culture of writing in the early periods of Islam, and the fact that the Messenger of Allah s.a.s. encouraged them to memorize and narrate hadiths, are the main reasons for the task of discovering and preserving hadiths. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 249. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 71.
- 4
- The Tadwin period: the collection of hadiths in works and their classification, the most prominent works and authors Scholars have divided the periods of writing hadiths and collecting them into books from the I-III century AH into four periods as hifdh, kitabat, tedvin and tasnif. Omar ibn Abdulaziz was the first to formally attempt to collect hadith in books. This was first done by Imam az-Zuhri. The juz of his hadiths contained hadiths with different themes. After the classification period began, works were written based on: themes (order by topics) and narrators (alphabetical order). Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 311. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 17.
- 5
- Categorization of narrations and their types, Investigation and analysis of the hadith and proof of evidence Categorization of narrations: Riwayat is divided into: A). Riwayah before classification / before Kutubi Sittes B). Riwayah after the tasnif period Sahifa - are the writings of the Companions who recorded the hadiths for the purpose of memorization. Juzes - are summaries in several forms: they contain narrations of a ravi, or they have certain themes. Erbeun - are works that the writer has chosen to compile 40 hadiths on a certain topic. The Ala ar-Rijal system includes: Musnad - a system that takes into account the alphabetical order of the Companions in several different ways. Mu’jam - This system also includes hadiths in alphabetical order of the names of the Companions, the Shuyukh (teachers of the scribes), or even the geographical areas (narrations taken from a particular place). Ala al-Abwab - is the system that is based on the order of hadiths by topic. Ala al-Ahruf - system that comes in later periods, after classification. Hadith analysis is a process that investigates the details that need to be considered regarding the narrators in order to decide whether one narration is the same or similar to another. This process is known as i’tibar. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 167. Çakan, Hadis Usulü, 60.
- 6
- Types of hadith according to the number of narrators in the sanad and types of hadith according to the ending of the sanad; Sanad Muttasil and Mursal The sanad is the chain of the transmitters who narrate the hadith marfu, mawquf or maqtu. The term isnad is synonymous with the word sanad. The Sunnah protects the hadith from falsification or alteration, it protects it from additions and abbreviations. Scholars rely on the sanad to assess whether a hadith is accepted or rejected. Sened muttasil is the chain that reaches up to the Prophet s.a.s. including all transmitters within the range, while mursal is the range to which one or more transmitters have fallen. The hadith according to the end of the verse is qudsi, marfu, mawquf, maqtu. Hadith qudsi is every word that the Prophet s.a.s. attributes to Allah, while the wording is from the Prophet s.a.s. Marfu hadith is any word, action, approval, physical or moral quality that the Companions attribute to the Prophet s.a.s. Hadith mawquf in case this narration is attributed to the Companions. Hadith maqtu in case this narration is attributed to the tabiin. The types of hadith according to the number of narrators are divided into: Mutawatir, Mash’hur and Ahaad. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 46. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 91.
- 7
- Hadith maqbul and mardud, Evaluation of hadith and categorization into degrees: sahih, hasen, daif The maqbul hadith is accepted and its evaluation is considered valid: sahih and hasan. The hadith mardud does not meet the conditions of the hadith maqbul: hadith daif. Sahih Hadith: A hadith that is narrated with an uninterrupted chain (muttasil), by reliable narrators, from the beginning of the chain to its end, being a chain preserved from the contradictions between the narrators and having no hidden causes of weakness. Hadith hasan: The hadith that is narrated with uninterrupted sanad, with righteous narrators from the beginning of the sanad to its end - but none of them suffers inaccuracy (dabt) - there is no discrepancy between the narrators and there are no hidden causes of weakness. Hadith daif: Hadith that does not meet one of the basic conditions of saheeh hadeeth and hasan hadeeth. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 65. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 105.
- 8
- Midterm Exam
- 9
- Types of weak hadith according to the narrator's criticism and according to the collapse of sanad The weak hadith (daif) has two main reasons why it is mardud: A). from the criticism towards the rawi. B). From collapse within the chain. The explanations of the types of weak hadith are given as follows: A). Hadith mursal, munqati, mu’dal, muallak, mudallas. B). Hadith mawdu, matruk, munkar, mualal, mudraj, maqlub, mudtarib, shadh, musahhaf, muharraf. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 83. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 113.
- 10
- Atributes of trusted transmitters: Adalat and Dabt, Defects that Infringe on Adl and Dabt Attributes - Metain-i Asharah The attributes of adl and dabt to the narrator and the reasons that undermine his credibility are explained. The adl of a narrator is the assessment made of one or more critics as a righteous man. Dabt means that the narrator has heard the hadith, remembered it and narrated it as he heard it and as he memorized it. A narrator can be accused of 10 causes, namely: lying (kidhb), being accused of being a liar (ittihamul kidhb), being debauched (fisk), not being identified (jahlet), doing bid'ah (bidat) (these are five flaws that violate the attribute of Adlit-trustworthiness), errs in narration (galat), is shown to be careless (gaflet), makes unintentional mistakes (uehm), narrates differently from a more reliable narrator (muhalefetu eth-thikah), has the memory of evil (su-i'l hifdh) (these are the five flaws that violate the attribute of Dabt-punctuality). Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 291. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 69.
- 11
- al-Jarhu wa'at-Ta'dil: The Criticism and Evaluation of the Narrators and Its History, The Development of Mawdu Hadith From the time the Prophet a.s. until the year 150 AH, the period of the Tabi'een, criticism continued to be made orally regarding the dabt of the person. However, due to the emergence of various groups such as Harijiya, Shia, Qadariya, who left the circle of Ahl as-Sunnah, the criticism began to be made according to the adl of the narrator. In the period from the II century until the middle of the II century, the number of hadith narrators increased, the narrations from various political and ideological groups also increased, so the great natural scholars began to use jarhand ta'dil. The period after the middle of the second century is the time of atbai tabiin. In this period, the number of broadcasters increases, as a result of which the criticism towards them increases. This is the time when the works of the narrator's critique were written. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 280. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 79.
- 12
- Qawaidu’l Jarhi wa’t- Ta’dil: Principles of Criticism In Usul's books, some rules are explained regarding the declaration of the qualifications of the transmitters, whose transmission is accepted. These include: the qualities of adl and dabt of the narrator, the testimonies of persons who know the reliable narrators, the narrator's statement of the strong quality of the dabt when it matches the narrations of the rawis which are the (trusted) ruwat, the usul-i tazkiyah, the expressions used during the narration and establishing credibility based on them, rejecting the narrators of majhul al-ayn or mastur, discussing the narrations of those who practice bid'ah and those known as fasiq, legal action according to the narrations of persons showing poor dabt quality (poor memory, forgetfulness), rejection of the transmission of those who act carelessly, transmissions received from persons who have not reached the age of maturity, etc. Prof. Ahmed Naim Bey, Hadith Usulü û Istilahlari, Istanbul, 2010, 361.
- 13
- Ways of teaching hadith: Ahdh, tahammul, ada', Ethics of hadith narration The art of narrating hadith follows an ethic that must be respected and received with special care by the shaykh (teacher) and the talaba (student). This includes the ways of narration, according to which it is understood how a narration is memorized and how it is transmitted to others. The art of transmission is known as Ahdh and tahammul. The transmission itself is called ada'. The types of transmission are: Semea ', qiraat, ijazat, munawalah, kitabat, i'lam, wasiyat, wijadah. Musallari, Basic Knowledge in the Science of Hadith, 205. Çakan, Hadith Usulü, 51.
- 14
- Disciplines of hadith, Methods of reading hadith in narration, Recent studies of scholars in the science of hadith The science of hadith has several fields of study: Garibu'l hadith, muhkam hadith, mushkil hadith, mutashabih hadith, mukhtalifu'l hadith, nasikh and mansukh hadith, asbabu'l wurud. Asbabu’l wurud is the field that studies the causes of saying hadith in a given situation. Garibu’l hadith deals with the study of words used in narration. Ilal’ul hadith is the study of defects within a hadith. Mukhtalifu'l hadith deals with the study of narrations that have contradictions between them in meaning. Nasikh-mansukh is the study of the reasons for the annulment of the hadith. Sharhu’l hadith studies the explanation and commentary of the hadith. Jarh and Ta’dil study the critique and evaluation of the rawi. Ilmu’l Rijal is the study of the biographies of the narrators. Musallari, Basic knowledge in the science of hadith, 332. Çakan, Anahatlariyla Hadis, 74.
- 15
- Projects Presentation This includes activating the student in the subject of hadith, doing a work that aims at the growth and development of the student in the field of studying hadith and its disciplines. A topic is given which is worked on for a period of time, where the student has the material in hand and makes a project, which he will present in order to be evaluated for his skills. Project evaluation includes the knowledge gained by the student during the course development in this semester.
- 16
- Final Exam
- 1
- Të dijë çfarë është shkenca e hadithit, si ka nisur zhvillimi i hadithit në periudha të ndryshme.
- 2
- Të njohë terminologjinë e literaturës së hadithit. Të dijë konceptet kryesore dhe ti njohë përkufizimet e tyre.
- 3
- Të njohë disiplinat e hadithit dhe fushat e studimit të tij. Të njohë kategoritë e ndryshme të llojeve të hadithit.
- 4
- Të njohë autorët më të shquar të cilët kanë shkruar vepra dhe kanë dhënë kontribut në këtë fushë.
- Quantity Percentage Total percent
- Midterms
- 1 30% 30%
- Quizzes
- 0 0% 0%
- Projects
- 1 10% 10%
- Term projects
- 1 10% 10%
- Laboratories
- 0 0% 0%
- Class participation
- 1 10% 10%
- Total term evaluation percent
- 60%
- Final exam percent
- 40%
- Total percent
- 100%
- Quantity Duration (hours) Total (hours)
- Course duration (including exam weeks)
- 16 4 64
- Off class study hours
- 14 4 56
- Duties
- 2 2 4
- Midterms
- 1 4 4
- Final exam
- 1 5 5
- Other
- 0 0 0
- Total workLoad
- 133
- Total workload / 25 (hours)
- 5.32
- ECTS
- 5.00